What is required for a private pilot to maintain currency?

To maintain currency as a private pilot, completing a biennial flight review and holding a current medical certificate is essential. The biennial flight review is mandated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and requires pilots to undergo a flight evaluation with a certified flight instructor at least once every two years. This review ensures that pilots stay proficient in their flying skills and knowledge of regulations.

Additionally, having a current medical certificate is crucial, as it confirms that the pilot meets the necessary health standards to operate an aircraft safely. This combination of ongoing training and medical evaluation helps ensure that pilots are prepared and capable of flying safely within the parameters established by the FAA.

The other options do not correctly represent the requirements for maintaining currency. While an annual medical examination could be beneficial and may be part of other aviation operations, it is not a specific requirement for maintaining private pilot currency. Monthly flight hours and hourly simulator training are also not mandated for private pilots to maintain their formal status as current pilots. In summary, the correct response reflects the FAA's specific regulations on keeping private pilots current through practical review and health checks.